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The idea behind the law was to free up officers and men for combat, with women standing in for them at shore stations on the home front. Roosevelt signed what would become Public Law 689 on 30 July 1942, it established a Women's Reserve as a branch of the Naval Reserve for the Navy and Marine Corps. The most notable was Edith Nourse Rogers, Representative of Massachusetts, and Eleanor Roosevelt, wife of the president, who helped pave the way for its reality. Nevertheless, some believed that women would eventually be needed in the military. Since then I've changed my mind.'Īt the outbreak of World War II, the notion of women serving in the Navy or Marine Corps (both under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Navy) was not widely supported by the Congress or by the branches of the military services.

Before the end of 1943, however, he reversed himself, saying, 'Like most Marines, when the matter first came up I didn't believe women could serve any useful purpose in the Marine Corps. Marine Corps, had been opposed to having women serve in the Marine Corps. Roosevelt, in which he observed, 'You have quickly and efficiently taken over scores of different kinds of duties that not long ago were considered strictly masculine assignments, and in doing so, you have freed a large number of well trained, battle ready men of the corps for action.' Initially, General Thomas Holcomb, Commandant of the U.S. On the occasion of the first anniversary of its establishment, the Reserve received a message from President Franklin D. For her stewardship of the Reserve, the Marine Corps presented Ruth Cheney Streeter with the Legion of Merit. In time, most of their detractors became their supporters. The women overcame these indignities with their accomplishments in the workplace and the poise with which they performed.

By December 1945, the Reserve was down to 12,300, and by August 1946 it had about 300 members.Įarly on, the male members of the Marine Corps subjected the women to a degree of resentment and crude language. With the end of World War II in sight, the corps began to demobilize the members. The peak strength of the Reserve was about 19,000. They served in occupations classified as professional, semi-professional, clerical, skilled trades, services, and sales. The incorporated territory of Hawaii was the only overseas duty station where members were assigned. The members served at shore and air stations across the continental United States. So on 1 July 1943, all Reserve training was shifted to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. In due course, the Marine Corps discovered the advantages of having its own training centers. The initial training site for the enlisted women was at the Naval Training School at Hunter College in the Bronx, New York City.

The officer candidates first trained at the Navy's Midshipmen School for women officers at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. The Reserve did not accept African American or Japanese American women during World War II, but did accept Native American women. The standards set for women who wished to volunteer for the Reserve were demanding. Young women were keen on serving in the military during WWII, and the Marine Corps desired only the best. The Reserve did not have an official nickname, as did the other World War II women's military services. Ruth Cheney Streeter was appointed the first director.

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shore stations for the duration of the war, plus six months. Its purpose was to release officers and men for combat, and to replace them with women in U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Franklin D. United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve (Reserve) was the World War II women's branch of the United States Marine Corps Reserve.